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Palladium catalysts

Palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate , CAS 32916-07-7

Pd(NO3)2·2H2OMW 266.46 g/mol39.94% PdMade in Dublin, Ireland

Synonyms: Palladium dinitrate dihydrate; Palladous nitrate dihydrate; Nitric acid palladium(II) salt dihydrate; Pd(NO3)2·2H2O

Also known as: Palladium(II)-nitrat-Dihydrat (German); Nitrato de paladio(II) dihidratado (Spanish); Nitrate de palladium(II) dihydraté (French); Nitrato di palladio(II) diidrato (Italian); Palladium(II)nitraat-dihydraat (Dutch)

GHS03
Oxidiser
GHS05
Corrosive
GHS07
Harmful

Overview

A water-soluble, halide-free palladium(II) salt for catalyst impregnation where chloride cannot be tolerated, and the palladium component of graphite-furnace AAS matrix modifiers.

Palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate is a water-soluble, brown, hygroscopic palladium salt used to prepare supported palladium catalysts by impregnation (automotive three-way and diesel oxidation catalysts, Pd/Al2O3, Pd/C), as a chemical matrix modifier in graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, as a halide-free palladium source for palladium nanoparticles and electrocatalysts, and in palladium plating. Approximately 40% palladium by mass; supplied with a lot-specific palladium assay.

Application areas

Typical applications of palladium(ii) nitrate dihydrate

Palladium nitrate is the palladium precursor of the automotive and chemical catalyst industries. Impregnating alumina, ceria–zirconia and zeolite washcoats with palladium nitrate solution, then drying and calcining, gives the highly dispersed palladium of three-way, diesel-oxidation and methane-combustion catalysts; chloride-containing precursors are avoided because residual chloride poisons the metal and promotes sintering. The same halide-free impregnation is used for Pd/Al₂O₃ and Pd/C hydrogenation catalysts and for palladium-exchanged zeolites.

In analytical chemistry palladium nitrate is half of the palladium–magnesium nitrate 'universal' chemical modifier for graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: a few micrograms of palladium injected with the sample stabilise volatile analytes such as arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and thallium to higher pyrolysis temperatures, which separates them from the matrix before atomisation.

Because it introduces no halide, palladium nitrate is also preferred for shape-controlled palladium nanoparticles, for palladium electrocatalysts for formic acid and ethanol oxidation, for palladium–platinum and palladium–gold bimetallic catalysts, and for palladium plating and palladium oxide films by thermal decomposition.

Specification

Product namePalladium(II) nitrate dihydrate
SynonymsPalladium dinitrate dihydrate; Palladous nitrate dihydrate; Nitric acid palladium(II) salt dihydrate; Pd(NO3)2·2H2O
Molecular formulaPd(NO3)2·2H2O
CAS number32916-07-7
Molecular weight266.46 g/mol
MetalPalladium (Pd)
Metal content39.94% Pd by mass (nominal; lot assay on the CoA)
Purity / grade≥99.9% (metals basis); Pd ≈ 40%
AppearanceBrown to yellow-brown crystals; deliquescent
SolubilitySoluble in water and in dilute nitric acid. Neutral aqueous solutions hydrolyse within hours to a brown, turbid suspension of hydrous palladium oxide; a few percent of nitric acid keeps the solution clear. Soluble in acetone; insoluble in hydrocarbons.
Melting pointDecomposes on heating, losing water and nitrogen oxides to give palladium(II) oxide and, above about 800 °C, palladium metal.
HygroscopicityDeliquescent; weigh quickly and reseal immediately.
HydrationNominally the dihydrate (39.9% Pd); the water content of real lots varies, so the palladium assay on the certificate of analysis defines the metal content.
StorageStore tightly closed in a cool, dry place away from combustibles, organic materials and reducing agents. Hygroscopic and oxidising.
Pack sizes5 g, 25 g, 100 g
Country of originIreland (manufactured in Dublin)

Solubility, melting point and density are literature values for the pure compound and are given for guidance; purity, palladium assay and appearance are measured on each lot and reported on its certificate of analysis.

Handling and storage

  • Oxidiser (H272): may intensify fire. Keep away from combustible and organic material, reducing agents, powdered metals and solvents outside the reaction vessel; never grind with organic compounds.
  • Corrosive to skin and eyes (H314) and a skin sensitiser (H317). Handle solids in a fume hood with goggles, nitrile gloves and a lab coat.
  • Deliquescent: open only briefly in a dry atmosphere, or dissolve the whole pack in dilute nitric acid to make a stock of known palladium concentration.
  • Dissolve in 1–5% (v/v) nitric acid rather than water to prevent hydrolysis; filter if a brown turbidity has formed.
  • Store tightly closed in a cool, dry place away from light and from anything flammable.
  • Dangerous goods for transport: UN3085, Class 5.1 with subsidiary hazard 8, Packing Group II.

Hazard classification (CLP / GHS)

GHS03
Oxidiser
GHS05
Corrosive
GHS07
Harmful
Signal wordDanger
Hazard statements
  • H272 May intensify fire; oxidiser.
  • H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
  • H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.
Precautionary statements
  • P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
  • P220 Keep away from clothing and other combustible materials.
  • P280 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.
  • P370+P378 In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam to extinguish.
  • P260 Do not breathe dust.
  • P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water.
  • P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
  • P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
  • P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTRE or doctor.
  • P261 Avoid breathing dust.
  • P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
  • P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water.
  • P333+P313 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
TransportUN3085, Class 5.1 (8), PG II. Dangerous goods: ships by regulated courier with a handling surcharge of €25.00 per consignment.

Classification per Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). The safety data sheet issued with each lot is the authoritative source; where this page and the SDS differ, follow the SDS. For research and industrial use only. Not for human, veterinary, food or cosmetic use.

Documents

Safety data sheet (SDS)

The current SDS for Palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate is supplied with every quotation and shipment. Request a copy.

Certificate of analysis (CoA)

Issued per lot with palladium assay. Enter the lot number from your label.

Find a CoA

Frequently asked questions

Why has my palladium nitrate solution turned brown and cloudy?

Palladium(II) nitrate hydrolyses in neutral water to hydrous palladium oxide, which appears as a brown turbidity within hours. Prepare and store solutions in dilute nitric acid (1–5% by volume is usual; 0.1–1 M for concentrated stocks) and they stay clear and stable for months. A solution that has already gone turbid can usually be recovered by adding nitric acid and warming.

How do I prepare a 1000 mg/L palladium modifier stock for GFAAS?

Dissolve 0.250 g of palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate (nominally 39.9% palladium) in about 50 mL of 1% nitric acid and make up to 100.0 mL for 1000 mg/L palladium; correct the mass for the actual palladium assay on your lot's certificate. The typical modifier injection is 5 µg of palladium with 3 µg of magnesium nitrate per sample, prepared by mixing this stock with a 1000 mg/L magnesium nitrate solution. Use high-purity nitric acid and water to keep blanks low.

Why does catalyst preparation prefer palladium nitrate over palladium chloride?

Residual chloride left from chloride precursors adsorbs on supports and palladium surfaces, poisons active sites, mobilises palladium during calcination and accelerates sintering. Palladium nitrate decomposes cleanly to palladium oxide and then to the metal, leaving nothing behind but the support. For automotive and fine-chemical catalysts, and for any electrocatalyst sensitive to chloride, it is the standard choice.

What is the palladium content of this product?

Stoichiometric Pd(NO₃)₂·2H₂O is 39.9% palladium, and the commercial specification is nominally about 40%. Because the material readily gains or loses water, we assay every lot for palladium and print the result on the certificate of analysis; calculate your loadings from that figure.

How is palladium nitrate shipped?

As an oxidising, corrosive solid: UN3085, Class 5.1 (8), Packing Group II, by dangerous-goods courier in UN-approved packaging with a handling surcharge per consignment.

Ordering, shipping and documentation
What is the CAS number of palladium(ii) nitrate dihydrate?

Palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate has CAS Registry Number 32916-07-7. Its formula is Pd(NO3)2·2H2O (266.46 g/mol) and it contains about 39.94% palladium by mass.

How is palladium(ii) nitrate dihydrate priced?

Pack prices are linked to the live palladium spot price: palladium content × spot €/g, plus a fixed fee per pack for manufacture, packaging and the certificate of analysis. The price shown is indicative and confirmed on your quotation; it excludes VAT and shipping.

Is palladium(ii) nitrate dihydrate classed as dangerous goods for shipping?

Yes. Palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate ships as UN3085, class 5.1 (8), packing group II, by dangerous-goods courier with a surcharge of €25.00 per consignment.

Do you supply a certificate of analysis and SDS for palladium(ii) nitrate dihydrate?

Yes. Every lot ships with a lot-specific certificate of analysis including palladium assay, and the current safety data sheet is available on this page and on request. Lot certificates can also be retrieved by lot number from our CoA lookup.

Where do you ship palladium(ii) nitrate dihydrate?

We ship from Dublin to Ireland (from €12.00) and to all EU member states (from €25.00), plus Northern Ireland. For research and industrial use only; business customers only.

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